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Entropy driven spontaneous formation of highly porous films from polymer–nanoparticle composites

Venumadhav Korampally1, Minseong Yun1, Thiruvengadathan Rajagopalan1, Purnendu K Dasgupta2, Keshab Gangopadhyay1 and Shubhra Gangopadhyay1,3

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Nanoporous materials have become indispensable in many fields ranging from photonics, catalysis and semiconductor processing to biosensor infrastructure. Rapid and energy efficient process fabrication of these materials is, however, nontrivial. In this communication, we describe a simple method for the rapid fabrication of these materials from colloidal dispersions of Polymethyl Silsesquioxane nanoparticles. Nanoparticle–polymer composites above the decomposition temperature of the polymer are examined and the entropic gain experienced by the nanoparticles in this rubric is harnessed to fabricate novel highly porous films composed of nanoparticles. Optically smooth, hydrophobic films with low refractive indices (as low as 1.048) and high surface areas (as high as 1325  m2 g−1) have been achieved with this approach. In this communication we address the behavior of such systems that are both temperature and substrate surface energy dependent. The method is applicable, in principle, to a variety of nanoparticle–polymer systems to fabricate custom nanoporous materials.


PACS

81.16.-c Methods of nanofabrication and processing

78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)

81.05.Qk Reinforced polymers and polymer-based composites

81.07.-b Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization

68.55.A- Nucleation and growth

68.35.Md Surface thermodynamics, surface energies

Subjects

Soft matter, liquids and polymers

Condensed matter: electrical, magnetic and optical

Surfaces, interfaces and thin films

Condensed matter: structural, mechanical & thermal

Nanoscale science and low-D systems

Dates

Issue 42 (21 October 2009)

Received 28 April 2009, in final form 20 August 2009

Published 25 September 2009



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