Enhanced x-ray irradiation-induced cancer cell damage by gold nanoparticles treated by a new synthesis method of polyethylene glycol modification

doi:10.1088/0957-4484/19/29/295104

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Chi-Jen Liu et al 2008 Nanotechnology 19 295104 doi:10.1088/0957-4484/19/29/295104

Enhanced x-ray irradiation-induced cancer cell damage by gold nanoparticles treated by a new synthesis method of polyethylene glycol modification

Chi-Jen Liu¹, Chang-Hai Wang¹, Chia-Chi Chien^1,2, Tsung-Yeh Yang¹, Shin-Tai Chen¹, Wei-Hua Leng¹, Cheng-Feng Lee¹, Kuen-Ho Lee¹, Y Hwu^1,2,3,4,10, Yao-Chang Lee⁴, Chia-Liang Cheng⁵, Chung-Shi Yang⁶, Y J Chen⁷, J H Je⁸ and G Margaritondo⁹

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phhwu@sinica.edu.tw

¹ Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
² Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
³ Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
⁴ National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
⁵ Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
⁶ Center for Nanomedicine Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
⁷ Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
⁸ X-ray Imaging Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
⁹ Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
¹⁰ Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed

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Abstract References Cited By

We explored a very interesting gold nanoparticle system—pegylated gold in colloidal solution—and analyzed its uptake by mice colorectal adenocarcinoma CT26 tumor cells and the impact on the cell's response to x-ray irradiation. We found that exposure to polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified ('pegylated') 4.7 ± 2.6 nm gold nanoparticles synthesized by a novel synchrotron-based method enhances the response of CT26 cells to x-ray irradiation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal microscopy revealed that substantial amounts of such nanoparticles are taken up and absorbed by the cells and this conclusion is supported by quantitative induced coupled plasma (ICP) results. Standard tests indicated that the internalized particles are highly biocompatible but strongly enhance the cell damage induced by x-ray irradiation. Synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) spectromicroscopy analyzed the chemical aspects of this phenomenon: the appearance of C = O stretching bond spectral features could be used as a marker for cell damage and confirmed the enhancement of the radiation-induced toxicity for cells.

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