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Plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition growth of Si nanowires with low melting point metal catalysts: an effective alternative to Au-mediated growth

F Iacopi1,5, P M Vereecken1, M Schaekers1, M Caymax1, N Moelans2, B Blanpain2, O Richard1, C Detavernier3 and H Griffiths4

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Au nanoparticles are efficient catalysts for the vapour–solid–liquid (VLS) growth of semiconductor nanowires, but Au poses fundamental reliability concerns for applications in Si semiconductor technology. In this work we show that the choice of catalysts for Si nanowire growth can be broadened when the need for catalytic precursor dissociation is eliminated through the use of plasma enhancement. However, in this regime the incubation time for the activation of VLS growth must be minimized to avoid burying the catalyst particles underneath an amorphous Si layer. We show that the combined use of plasma enhancement and the use of a catalyst such as In, already in a liquid form at the growth temperature, is a powerful method for obtaining Si nanowire growth with high yield. Si nanowires grown by this method are monocrystalline and generally oriented in the \langle 111\rangle
direction.


PACS

81.16.Hc Catalytic methods

81.15.Gh Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced CVD, MOCVD, etc.)

61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials

68.65.-k Low-dimensional, mesoscopic, and nanoscale systems: structure and nonelectronic properties

Subjects

Surfaces, interfaces and thin films

Nanoscale science and low-D systems

Dates

Issue 50 (19 December 2007)

Received 14 June 2007, in final form 13 August 2007

Published 23 November 2007



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