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Evanescent wave fibre optic sensors for trace analysis of Fe3+ in water

S Thomas Lee1,3, P Suresh Kumar1, K P Unnikrishnan1, V P N Nampoori1, C P G Vallabhan1, S Sugunan1,2 and P Radhakrishnan1

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In this communication, we discuss the details of fabricating an off-line fibre optic sensor (FOS) based on evanescent wave absorption for detecting trace amounts of Fe3+ in water. Two types of FOS are developed; one type uses the unclad portion of a multimode silica fibre as the sensing region whereas the other employs the microbent portion of a multimode plastic fibre as the sensing region. Sensing is performed by measuring the absorption of the evanescent wave in a reagent medium surrounding the sensing region. To evaluate the relative merits of the two types of FOS in Fe3+ sensing, a comparative study of the sensors is made, which reveals the superiority of the latter in many respects, such as smaller sensing length, use of a double detection scheme (for detecting both core and cladding modes) and higher sensitivity of cladding mode detection at an intermediate range of concentration along with the added advantage that plastic fibres are inexpensive. A detection limit of 1 ppb is observed in both types of fibre and the range of detection can be as large as 1 ppb–50 ppm. All the measurements are carried out using a LabVIEW set-up.


PACS

07.88.+y Instruments for environmental pollution measurements

89.60.-k Environmental studies

07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing

42.81.Bm Fabrication, cladding, and splicing

42.81.Pa Sensors, gyros

42.25.Bs Wave propagation, transmission and absorption

Subjects

Instrumentation and measurement

Optics, quantum optics and lasers

Environmental and Earth science

Dates

Issue 6 (June 2003)

Received 14 February 2003, accepted for publication 24 April 2003, in final form 14 April 2003

Published 15 May 2003



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