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Colossal magnetoresistance

REVIEW ARTICLE

A P Ramirez

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REVIEW ARTICLE

We review recent experimental work falling under the broad classification of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR), which is magnetoresistance associated with a ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic phase transition. The prototypical CMR compound is derived from the parent compound, perovskite . When hole doped at a concentration of 20 - 40% holes/Mn ion, for instance by Ca or Sr substitution for La, the material displays a transition from a high-temperature paramagnetic insulator to a low-temperature ferromagnetic metal. Near the phase transition temperature, which can exceed room temperature in some compositions, large magnetoresistance is observed and its possible application in magnetic recording has revived interest in these materials. In addition, unusual magneto-elastic effects and charge ordering have focused attention on strong electron - phonon coupling. This coupling, which is a type of dynamic extended-system version of the Jahn - Teller effect, in conjunction with the double-exchange interaction, is also viewed as essential for a microscopic description of CMR in the manganite perovskites. Large magnetoresistance is also seen in other systems, namely and some Cr chalcogenide spinels, compounds which differ greatly from the manganite perovskites. We describe the relevant points of contrast between the various CMR materials.


PACS

75.47.Gk Colossal magnetoresistance

75.30.Et Exchange and superexchange interactions

75.80.+q Magnetomechanical and magnetoelectric effects, magnetostriction

75.50.Ss Magnetic recording materials

71.30.+h Metal-insulator transitions and other electronic transitions

75.47.Lx Manganites

75.30.Kz Magnetic phase boundaries (including magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)

Subjects

Condensed matter: electrical, magnetic and optical

Dates

Issue 39 (29 September 1997)

Received 1 July 1997



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