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What is the temperature of a granular medium?

A Baldassarri1, A Barrat2, G D'Anna3, V Loreto1, P Mayor3 and A Puglisi2

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In this paper we discuss whether thermodynamical concepts and in particular the notion of temperature could be relevant for the dynamics of granular systems. We briefly review how a temperature-like quantity can be defined and measured in granular media in very different regimes, namely the glassy-like, the liquid-like and the granular gas. The common denominator will be given by the fluctuation–dissipation theorem, whose validity is explored by means of both numerical and experimental techniques. It turns out that, although a definition of a temperature is possible in all cases, its interpretation is far from being obvious. We discuss the possible perspectives both from the theoretical and, more importantly, from the experimental point of view.


PACS

45.70.-n Granular systems

05.70.-a Thermodynamics

Subjects

Statistical physics and nonlinear systems

Dates

Issue 24 (22 June 2005)

Received 16 March 2005

Published 3 June 2005



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