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Natural radioactivity measurements in Pakistan—an overview

REVIEW ARTICLE

Said Rahman1, Munazza Faheem1 and Matiullah2,3

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REVIEW

Humans have always been exposed throughout their period of existence to naturally occurring ionising radiation. Specifically, naturally occurring radionuclides are present in variable amounts in our environment. To assess radiological health hazards, naturally occurring radionuclides are being measured in soil, sand, marble, bricks etc throughout the world. In this regard, extensive data have been reported for Pakistan, which have been compiled and reviewed in this article. The majority of the reported articles are about monitoring of the radiological health hazards of naturally occurring radionuclides. In a few articles, use of the radionuclides has been reported for the exploration of uranium and thorium deposits. Most of the reported data have been obtained using a high purity germanium detector or a sodium iodide detector.


PACS

89.60.Ec Environmental safety

87.56.Da Ancillary equipment

29.40.Wk Solid-state detectors

87.53.-j Effects of ionizing radiation on biological systems

87.57.uq Dosimetry

Subjects

Accelerators, beams and electromagnetism

Nuclear physics

Instrumentation and measurement

Medical physics

Environmental and Earth science

Particle physics and field theory

Dates

Issue 4 (December 2008)

Received 19 June 2008, accepted for publication 5 September 2008, in final form 4 September 2008

Published 24 November 2008



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