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A contour integral representation for the dual five-point function and a symmetry of the genus-4 surface in Bbb R6

Andrew J Hanson and Ji-Ping Sha

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The invention of the 'dual resonance model' N-point functions BN motivated the development of current string theory. The simplest of these models, the four-point function B4, is the classical Euler Beta function. Many standard methods of complex analysis in a single variable have been applied to elucidate the properties of the Euler Beta function, leading, for example, to analytic continuation formulae such as the contour-integral representation obtained by Pochhammer in 1890. However, the precise features of the expected multiple-complex-variable generalizations to BN have not been systematically studied. Here we explore the geometry underlying the dual five-point function B5, the simplest generalization of the Euler Beta function. The original integrand defining B5 leads to a polyhedral structure for the five-crosscap surface, embedded in \RP{5} , that has 12 pentagonal faces and a symmetry group of order 120 in \PGL{6} . We find a Pochhammer-like representation for B5 that is a contour integral along a surface of genus 5 in \CP{2} \# 4\overline{\CP{2}} . The symmetric embedding of the five-crosscap surface in \RP{5} is doubly covered by a corresponding symmetric embedding of the surface of genus 4 in \Sphere{5} \subset {\bb R}^{6} that has a polyhedral structure with 24 pentagonal faces and a symmetry group of order 240 in \OO{6} . These symmetries enable the construction of elegant visualizations of these surfaces. The key idea of this paper is to realize that the compactification of the set of five-point cross-ratios forms a smooth real algebraic subvariety that is the five-crosscap surface in \RP{5} . It is in the complexification of this surface that we construct the contour integral representation for B5. Our methods are generalizable in principle to higher dimensions, and therefore should be of interest for further study.


PACS

02.40.-k Geometry, differential geometry, and topology

02.30.Fn Several complex variables and analytic spaces

02.30.Rz Integral equations

02.30.Gp Special functions

MSC

51M20 Polyhedra and polytopes; regular figures, division of spaces (See also 51F15)

32A10 Holomorphic functions

14H55 Riemann surfaces; Weierstrass points; gap sequences (See also 30Fxx)

14Q10 Surfaces, hypersurfaces

30Fxx Riemann surfaces

58D19 Group actions and symmetry properties

Subjects

Mathematical physics

Dates

Issue 10 (10 March 2006)

Received 3 October 2005

Published 22 February 2006



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