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Four electrons in a two-leg Hubbard ladder: exact ground states

Endre Kovács and Zsolt Gulácsi

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In the case of a two-leg Hubbard ladder we present a procedure which allows the exact deduction of the ground state for the four-particle problem in an arbitrary large lattice system, in a tractable manner, which involves only a reduced Hilbert space region containing the ground state. In the presented case, the method leads to nine analytic, linear and coupled equations providing the ground state. The procedure which is also applicable to few particle problems and other systems is based on an r-space representation of the wavefunctions and construction of symmetry adapted orthogonal basis wave vectors describing the Hilbert space region containing the ground state. Once the ground state is deduced, a complete quantum-mechanical characterization of the studied state can be given. Since the analytic structure of the ground state becomes visible during the use of the method, it is important not only to the understanding of theoretical aspects connected to exact descriptions or potential numerical approximation scheme developments, but is also relevant for a large number of potential technological application possibilities placed between nano-devices and quantum calculations, where the few particle behaviour and deep understanding are important key aspects.


PACS

71.10.Fd Lattice fermion models (Hubbard model, etc.)

02.60.-x Numerical approximation and analysis

05.50.+q Lattice theory and statistics (Ising, Potts, etc.)

MSC

82B20 Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs

70F10 n-body problems

Subjects

Computational physics

Condensed matter: electrical, magnetic and optical

Statistical physics and nonlinear systems

Dates

Issue 48 (2 December 2005)

Received 11 March 2005, in final form 6 September 2005

Published 16 November 2005



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