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Detailed balance has a counterpart in non-equilibrium steady states

R M L Evans

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When modelling driven steady states of matter, it is common practice either to choose transition rates arbitrarily, or to assume that the principle of detailed balance remains valid away from equilibrium. Neither of those practices is theoretically well founded. Hypothesizing ergodicity constrains the transition rates in driven steady states to respect relations analogous to, but different from, the equilibrium principle of detailed balance. The constraints arise from demanding that the design of any model system contains no information extraneous to the microscopic laws of motion and the macroscopic observables. This prevents over-description of the non-equilibrium reservoir, and implies that not all stochastic equations of motion are equally valid. The resulting recipe for transition rates has many features in common with equilibrium statistical mechanics.


PACS

05.20.Gg Classical ensemble theory

05.70.Ce Thermodynamic functions and equations of state

02.50.Fz Stochastic analysis

02.50.Cw Probability theory

05.70.Ln Nonequilibrium and irreversible thermodynamics

MSC

82B05 Classical equilibrium statistical mechanics (general)

94A17 Measures of information, entropy

Subjects

Computational physics

Statistical physics and nonlinear systems

Dates

Issue 2 (14 January 2005)

Received 30 August 2004, in final form 27 October 2004

Published 15 December 2004



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