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Universal restrictions to the conversion of heat into work derived from the analysis of the Nernst theorem as a uniform limit

José María Martín-Olalla and Alfredo Rey de Luna

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We revisit the relationship between the Nernst theorem and the Kelvin–Planck statement of the second law. We propose that the exchange of entropy uniformly vanishes as the temperature goes to zero. The analysis of this assumption shows that is equivalent to the fact that the compensation of a Carnot engine scales with the absorbed heat so that the Nernst theorem should be embedded in the statement of the second law.


PACS

05.70.Ce Thermodynamic functions and equations of state

MSC

82B30 Statistical thermodynamics (See also 80-XX)

Subjects

Statistical physics and nonlinear systems

Dates

Issue 29 (25 July 2003)

Received 31 January 2003, in final form 21 May 2003

Published 8 July 2003



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