S. Ghosh et al 2004 Europhys. Lett. 65 678 doi:10.1209/epl/i2003-10160-9
S. Ghosh1, K. V. Ramanathan2 and A. K. Sood1
Show affiliationsProton NMR studies have been carried out as a function of temperature from 210 K to 300 K on water confined within single-walled carbon nanotubes. The NMR lineshape at and below the freezing point of bulk water is asymmetric and can be decomposed into a sum of two Lorentzians. The intensities of both the components decrease with the lowering of the temperature below 273 K, one component, L1, vanishing below 242 K and the other component, L2, below 217 K. Following the simulations of Koga et al. showing that the radial density profile of confined water in single-wall carbon nanotubes has a distribution peak at the center which disappears below the freezing temperature, the L1-component is associated with the protons of the water molecules at the center and the L2-component is associated with protons of water molecules at a distance of ~ 3 Å from the walls of the nanotubes. In this scenario the complete freezing of the water at ~ 212 K is preceded by the withdrawal of the water molecules from the center.
82.60.Nh Thermodynamics of nucleation
61.46.+w Nanoscale materials: clusters, nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanocrystals
Issue 5 (March 2004)
Received 18 September 2003, accepted for publication 11 December 2003, in final form 11 December 2003
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