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Codimension two branes and distributional curvature

Jennie Traschen

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In general relativity, there is a well-developed formalism for working with the approximation that a gravitational source is concentrated on a shell, or codimension one surface. In contrast, there are obstacles to concentrating sources on surfaces that have a higher codimension, for example, a string in a spacetime with a dimension greater than or equal to four. Here it is shown that, by giving up some of the generality of the codimension one case, curvature can be concentrated on submanifolds that have codimension two. A class of metrics is identified such that (1) the scalar curvature and Ricci densities exist as distributions with support on a codimension two submanifold, and (2) using the Einstein equation, the distributional curvature corresponds to a concentrated stress-energy with equation of state p = −ρ, where p is the isotropic pressure tangent to the submanifold, and ρ is the energy density. This is the appropriate stress-energy to describe a self-gravitating brane that is governed by an area action, or a braneworld deSitter cosmology. The possibility of having a different equation of state arise from a wider class of metrics is discussed.


PACS

04.20.Cv Fundamental problems and general formalism

11.25.Wx String and brane phenomenology

98.80.Cq Particle-theory and field-theory models of the early Universe (including cosmic pancakes, cosmic strings, chaotic phenomena, inflationary universe, etc.)

04.40.-b Self-gravitating systems; continuous media and classical fields in curved spacetime

MSC

83F05 Cosmology

83C05 Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems)

83E30 String and superstring theories (See also 81T30)

Subjects

Gravitation and cosmology

Particle physics and field theory

Astrophysics and astroparticles

Dates

Issue 7 (7 April 2009)

Received 27 October 2008, in final form 31 January 2009

Published 27 February 2009



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