Jonathan Thornburg et al 2007 Class. Quantum Grav. 24 3911 doi:10.1088/0264-9381/24/15/009
Jonathan Thornburg1,2, Peter Diener3,4, Denis Pollney1,3, Luciano Rezzolla1,4, Erik Schnetter3,4, Ed Seidel3,4 and Ryoji Takahashi3,5
Show affiliationsWhen simulating the inspiral and coalescence of a binary black hole system, special care needs to be taken in handling the singularities. Two main techniques are used in numerical-relativity simulations: A first and more traditional one 'excises' a spatial neighbourhood of the singularity from the numerical grid on each spacelike hypersurface. A second and more recent one, instead, begins with a 'puncture' solution and then evolves the full 3-metric, including the singular point. In the continuum limit, excision is justified by the light-cone structure of the Einstein equations and, in practice, can give accurate numerical solutions when suitable discretizations are used. However, because the field variables are non-differentiable at the puncture, there is no proof that the moving-punctures technique is correct, particularly in the discrete case. To investigate this question we use both techniques to evolve a binary system of equal-mass non-spinning black holes. We compare the evolution of two curvature 4-scalars with proper time along the invariantly-defined worldline midway between the two black holes, using Richardson extrapolation to reduce the influence of finite-difference truncation errors. We find that the excision and moving-punctures evolutions produce the same invariants along that worldline, thus providing convincing evidence that moving punctures are indeed equivalent to moving black holes.
04.70.-s Physics of black holes
97.80.-d Binary and multiple stars
83C05 Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems)
Issue 15 (7 August 2007)
Received 22 March 2007, in final form 8 June 2007
Published 17 July 2007
Jonathan Thornburg et al 2007 Class. Quantum Grav. 24 3911
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