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Causal structure of bigravity solutions

D Blas1, C Deffayet2,3 and J Garriga1

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We discuss the causal diagrams of static and spherically symmetric bigravity vacuum solutions, with interacting metrics f and g. Such solutions can be classified into type I (or 'non-diagonal') and type II (or 'diagonal'). The general solution of type I is known, and leads to metrics f and g in the Schwarzschild–(anti-)de Sitter family. The two metrics are not always diagonalizable in the same coordinate system, and the light-cone structure of both metrics can be quite different. In spite of this, we find that causality is preserved, in the sense that closed timelike curves cannot be pieced together from geodesics of both metrics. We propose maximal extensions of type I bigravity solutions, where geodesics of both metrics do not stop unless a curvature singularity is encountered. Such maximal extensions can contain several copies (or even an infinite number of them) of the maximally extended 'individual' geometries associated with f and g separately. Generically, we find that the maximal extensions of bigravity solutions are not globally hyperbolic, even in cases when the individual geometries are. The general solution of type II has not been given in the closed form. We discuss a subclass where g is an arbitrary solution of Einstein's equations with a cosmological constant, and we find that in this case the only solutions are such that fg (with a trivial causal structure).


PACS

04.20.Gz Spacetime topology, causal structure, spinor structure

04.20.Dw Singularities and cosmic censorship

04.20.Cv Fundamental problems and general formalism

04.20.Fy Canonical formalism, Lagrangians, and variational principles

MSC

51B20 Minkowski geometries

83C20 Classes of solutions; algebraically special solutions, metrics with symmetries

83C05 Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems)

83C75 Space-time singularities, cosmic censorship, etc.

Subjects

Gravitation and cosmology

Dates

Issue 5 (7 March 2006)

Received 19 September 2005, in final form 19 January 2006

Published 17 February 2006



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