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Spin-½ amplitudes in black-hole evaporation

A N St J Farley and P D D'Eath

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In recent papers, we have studied the quantum-mechanical decay of a Schwarzschild-like black hole, formed by gravitational collapse, into almost-flat spacetime and weak radiation at a very late time. In this recent work, we have been concerned with evaluating quantum amplitudes (not just probabilities) for transitions from initial to final states. In a general asymptotically flat context, one may specify a quantum amplitude by posing boundary data on (say) an initial space-like hypersurface ΣI and a final space-like hypersurface ΣF. To complete the specification, one must also give the Lorentzian proper-time interval between the two boundary surfaces, as measured near spatial infinity. We have assumed that the Lagrangian contains Einstein gravity coupled to a massless scalar field phi, plus possible additional fields; there is taken to be a 'background' spherically symmetric solution (γμν, Φ) of the classical Einstein/scalar field equations. For bosonic fields, the gravitational and scalar boundary data can be taken to be gij and phi on the two hypersurfaces, where gij (i, j = 1, 2, 3) gives the intrinsic 3-metric on the boundary, and the 4-metric is gμν (μ, ν = 0, 1, 2, 3), the boundary being taken locally in the form {x0 = const}. The classical boundary value problem, corresponding to the calculation of this quantum amplitude, is badly posed, being a boundary value problem for a wave-like (hyperbolic) set of equations. Following Feynman's +iepsilon prescription, one makes the problem well-posed by rotating the asymptotic time interval T into the complex: TmidT mid exp(−iθ), with 0 < θ ≤ π/2. After calculating the amplitude for θ > 0, one then takes the 'Lorentzian limit' θ → 0+. Such quantum amplitudes have been calculated for weak s = 0 (scalar), s = 1 (photon) and s = 2 (graviton) anisotropic final data, propagating on the approximately Vaidya-like background geometry, in the region containing radially outgoing black-hole radiation. In this paper, we treat quantum amplitudes for the case of fermionic massless spin-½ (neutrino) final boundary data. Making use of boundary conditions originally developed for local supersymmetry, we find that this fermionic case can be treated in a way which parallels the bosonic case. In particular, we calculate the classical action as a functional of the fermionic data on the late-time surface ΣF; the quantum amplitude follows straightforwardly from this.


PACS

04.70.Dy Quantum aspects of black holes, evaporation, thermodynamics

11.30.Pb Supersymmetry

95.30.Sf Relativity and gravitation

97.60.Lf Black holes

MSC

83C57 Black holes

83C05 Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems)

Subjects

Gravitation and cosmology

Particle physics and field theory

Astrophysics and astroparticles

Dates

Issue 14 (21 July 2005)

Received 30 November 2004, in final form 13 May 2005

Published 4 July 2005



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