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Low-frequency gravitational radiation from coalescing massive black holes

A Sesana1, F Haardt1, P Madau2 and M Volonteri2

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We compute the expected low-frequency gravitational wave signal from coalescing massive black-hole (MBH) binaries at the centres of galaxies. We follow the merging history of halos and associated holes via cosmological Monte Carlo realizations of the merger hierarchy from early times to the present in a ΛCDM cosmology. MBHs get incorporated through a series of mergers into larger and larger halos, sink to the centre owing to dynamical friction, accrete a fraction of the gas in the merger remnant to become more massive, and form a binary system. Stellar dynamical processes dominate the orbital evolution of the binary at large separations, while gravitational wave emission takes over at small radii, causing the final coalescence of the system. We discuss the observability of inspiralling MBH binaries by a low-frequency gravitational wave experiment such as the planned Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), discriminating between resolvable sources and unresolved confusion noise. Over a three-year observing period LISA should resolve this GWB into discrete sources, detecting ≈90 individual events above a S/N = 5 confidence level, while expected confusion noise is well below planned LISA capabilities.


PACS

04.70.-s Physics of black holes

98.80.-k Cosmology

04.80.Nn Gravitational wave detectors and experiments

04.30.Db Wave generation and sources

97.60.Lf Black holes

MSC

83C57 Black holes

83C35 Gravitational waves

83F05 Cosmology

Subjects

Gravitation and cosmology

Astrophysics and astroparticles

Dates

Issue 10 (21 May 2005)

Received 29 October 2004, in final form 17 January 2005

Published 26 April 2005



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