James M Nester 2004 Class. Quantum Grav. 21 S261 doi:10.1088/0264-9381/21/3/016
James M Nester
Show affiliationsWe address a long standing problem: the description of energy–momentum (including also angular momentum and the centre-of-mass moment) for gravitating systems. We begin by reconsidering the traditional 'pseudotensor' approaches, both via Noether symmetry and via the field equations. A new general construction for such expressions is presented. The pseudotensor expressions are shown to be quasilocal. By connecting the results to the Hamiltonian, its boundary term and its symplectic variational structure, their significance and their ambiguities are clarified. Our investigations into quasilocal quantities associated with the Hamiltonian boundary term are briefly reviewed; the main achievements are summarized, and some outstanding challenges are noted.
04.20.Fy Canonical formalism, Lagrangians, and variational principles
70S05 Lagrangian formalism and Hamiltonian formalism
83C40 Gravitational energy and conservation laws; groups of motions
Issue 3 (7 February 2004)
Received 21 October 2003
Published 13 January 2004
James M Nester 2004 Class. Quantum Grav. 21 S261
Chang Zhe et al 2005 Chinese Phys. Lett. 22 791
G Parisi 1980 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 13 L115
Archana Pai et al 2002 Class. Quantum Grav. 19 1477
B R Finke and G Simon 1990 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 23 67
Albert Lazzarini and L Samuel Finn 2002 Class. Quantum Grav. 19 1485
Z Ezziane 2006 Nanotechnology 17 R27
F Winquist et al 1998 Meas. Sci. Technol. 9 1937
S Zhao et al 2007 Phys. Med. Biol. 52 2055
Scott M Berry et al 2006 J. Micromech. Microeng. 16 1825