Erik Schnetter 2003 Class. Quantum Grav. 20 4719 doi:10.1088/0264-9381/20/22/001
Erik Schnetter
Show affiliationsApparent horizons are structures of spacelike hypersurfaces that can be determined locally in time. Closed surfaces of constant expansion (CE surfaces) are a generalization of apparent horizons. I present an efficient method for locating CE surfaces. This method uses an explicit representation of the surface, allowing for arbitrary resolutions and, in principle, shapes. The CE surface equation is then solved as a nonlinear elliptic equation. It is reasonable to assume that CE surfaces foliate a spacelike hypersurface outside an interior region, thus defining an invariant (but still slicing-dependent) radial coordinate. This can be used to determine gauge modes and compare time evolutions with different gauge conditions. CE surfaces also provide an efficient way of finding new apparent horizons as they appear, for example, in binary black hole simulations.
04.20.-q Classical general relativity
35J30 General theory of higher-order, elliptic equations (See also 31A30, 31B30)
Issue 22 (21 November 2003)
Received 3 June 2003
Published 3 October 2003
Erik Schnetter 2003 Class. Quantum Grav. 20 4719
Jonathan Thornburg 2004 Class. Quantum Grav. 21 743
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