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A causal order for spacetimes with Lorentzian metrics: proof of compactness of the space of causal curves

R D Sorkin-+,++ and E Woolgar

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We recast the tools of `global causal analysis' in accord with an approach to the subject animated by two distinctive features: a thoroughgoing reliance on order-theoretic concepts, and a utilization of the Vietoris topology for the space of closed subsets of a compact set. We are led to work with a new causal relation which we call , and in terms of it we formulate extended definitions of concepts like causal curve and global hyperbolicity. In particular we prove that, in a spacetime which is free of causal cycles, one may define a causal curve simply as a compact connected subset of which is linearly ordered by . Our definitions all make sense for arbitrary metrics (and even for certain metrics which fail to be invertible in places). Using this feature, we prove for a general metric the familiar theorem that the space of causal curves between any two compact subsets of a globally hyperbolic spacetime is compact. We feel that our approach, in addition to yielding a more general theorem, simplifies and clarifies the reasoning involved. Our results have application in a recent positive-energy theorem, and may also prove useful in the study of topology change. We have tried to make our treatment self-contained by including proofs of all the facts we use which are not widely available in reference works on topology and differential geometry.


PACS

04.20.Gz Spacetime topology, causal structure, spinor structure

02.40.Ma Global differential geometry

MSC

58D17 Manifolds of metrics (esp. Riemannian)

53Cxx Global differential geometry (See also 51H25, 58-XX; for related bundle theory, see 55Rxx, 57Rxx)

83C75 Space-time singularities, cosmic censorship, etc.

Subjects

Mathematical physics

Gravitation and cosmology

Dates

Issue 7 (July 1996)

Received 16 August 1995



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