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The influence of displacement damage on deuterium retention in tungsten exposed to plasma

W.R. Wampler1 and R.P. Doerner2

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Trapping of tritium at lattice damage from fusion neutron irradiation is expected to increase the tritium inventory in tungsten components in ITER. The magnitude of this increase depends on the concentration of traps that are produced, and on the depth to which the increased tritium retention extends into the material. Experiments to address these issues are described, in which displacement damage by ion irradiation was used as a surrogate for neutron damage. Irradiated samples were exposed to high flux deuterium plasma to simulate divertor conditions. The resulting deuterium content was measured by nuclear reaction analysis. Measurements were done at various damage levels up to those expected from the end-of-life neutron fluence in ITER. These experiments determine the number of traps produced by displacement damage and the rate at which they are filled during exposure to plasma. The role of defect annealing was explored through plasma exposures at various temperatures. In addition to trapping at damage, near-surface retention from internal precipitation was observed at lower temperatures. Addition of 5% helium to the deuterium plasma greatly reduced D retention by precipitation by localizing it closer to the surface. Results from these experiments indicate that the contribution to tritium inventory in ITER from trapping at neutron damage should be small.


PACS

52.55.Fa Tokamaks, spherical tokamaks

61.80.Hg Neutron radiation effects

28.52.Fa Materials

52.55.Rk Power exhaust; divertors

Subjects

Nuclear physics

Plasma physics

Condensed matter: structural, mechanical & thermal

Dates

Issue 11 (November 2009)

Received 28 March 2009, accepted for publication 2 September 2009

Published 30 September 2009



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