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Helium induced nanoscopic morphology on tungsten under fusion relevant plasma conditions

M.J. Baldwin and R.P. Doerner

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Polished W discs exposed to pure He plasma in the PISCES-B linear-divertor-plasma simulator at 1120 and 1320 K are found to develop deeply nanostructured surface layers consisting of a conglomerate of amorphous 'nanorods'. The growth of the thickness of the nanostructured layer is explored for exposure times spanning 300–(2.2 × 104) s in He plasmas of density ne ~ 4 × 1018 m−3 and temperature Te ~ 6–8 eV where the average He-ion surface-impact energy is ~60 eV, below the threshold for physical sputtering. A nanostructured layer in excess of 5 µm thick is observed for the longest exposure time explored. The kinetics of the layer growth are found to follow Fick's law, characterized by an effective diffusive mechanism with coefficients of diffusion: D1120 K = 6.6 ± 0.4 × 10−12 cm2 s−1 and D1320 K = 2.0± 0.5 × 10−11 cm2 s−1. The diffusion of He atoms in W is considered too rapid to explain the observed growth of surface modification and points to the interplay of other mechanisms, such as the availability of thermal vacancies and/or the slower diffusion of He through the forming nanostructured layer.


PACS

52.55.Rk Power exhaust; divertors

52.55.Fa Tokamaks, spherical tokamaks

52.77.Dq Plasma-based ion implantation and deposition

52.40.Hf Plasma-material interactions; boundary layer effects

28.52.Fa Materials

52.25.Fi Transport properties

Subjects

Nuclear physics

Plasma physics

Dates

Issue 3 (March 2008)

Received 8 August 2007, accepted for publication 20 November 2007

Published 23 January 2008



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