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Atomic time-keeping from 1955 to the present

Bernard Guinot1 and Elisa Felicitas Arias1,2

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This paper summarizes the creation and technical evolution of atomic time scales, recalling the parallel development of their acceptance and the remaining problems. We consider a consequence of the accuracy of time measurement, i.e. the entry of Einstein's general relativity into metrology and its applications. We give some details about the method of calculation and the characteristics of International Atomic Time, and we show how it is disseminated at the ultimate level of precision.


PACS

06.30.Ft Time and frequency

Subjects

Instrumentation and measurement

Dates

Issue 3 (June 2005)

Received 4 February 2005

Published 7 June 2005



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