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History of early atomic clocks

Norman F Ramsey

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This review of the history of early atomic clocks includes early atomic beam magnetic resonance, methods of separated and successive oscillatory fields, microwave absorption, optical pumping and atomic masers.


PACS

06.30.Ft Time and frequency

06.20.fb Standards and calibration

Subjects

Instrumentation and measurement

Dates

Issue 3 (June 2005)

Received 3 January 2005

Published 7 June 2005



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