Within the framework of globalization of the economy, questions are increasingly being asked concerning the "privatization" of national metrology institutes (NMIs) and the growth of competition in the field of metrology. This paper analyses the characteristic fields of duty of NMIs in the light of competition and cooperation at the national, regional and global levels. The conclusion drawn is that, in order to increase the efficiency of metrological activities, some competition should be permitted. However, excessive competition should be avoided in order to guarantee sustainability. In view of the diversity of bodies involved, of the present situation at all levels, and of the different effects of competition on the typical fields of duty of NMIs, the aim should not be competition at any price, but task-specific competition. Nevertheless, the metrological competence of an NMI cannot be completely self-financing, so the responsibility of the state will basically be preserved. Proposals are made that could contribute to achieving the desirable aim of globalization of metrology.