Rakesh A Afre et al 2009 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42 042002 doi:10.1088/0022-3727/42/4/042002
Rakesh A Afre1, Yasuhiko Hayashi and Tetsuo Soga
Show affiliationsWe demonstrate the improvement in the surface properties of an indium tin oxide (ITO) anode contact to an organic bulk-heterojunction device via cooling down the ITO glass substrate by liquid nitrogen treatment. This treatment effectively improves the smoothness of ITO glass, the transmittance and the contact angle measurement, which thereby results in fairly good contact with organic material. The enhancement of short circuit current, efficiency and fill factor of the photovoltaic devices was also achieved. The surface properties of both the untreated and the treated ITO substrates were studied by atomic force microscopy and the electrical properties of the substrates were studied by the Hall effect measurement.
85.60.Bt Optoelectronic device characterization, design, and modeling
72.40.+w Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects
Soft matter, liquids and polymers
Condensed matter: electrical, magnetic and optical
Issue 4 (21 February 2009)
Received 21 October 2008, in final form 20 December 2008
Published 21 January 2009
Rakesh A Afre et al 2009 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42 042002
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