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Negative refraction, subwavelength focusing and beam formation by photonic crystals

Ekmel Ozbay, Koray Aydin, Irfan Bulu and Kaan Guven

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We present a review of our experimental and numerical studies on the negative refraction related phenomena in two-dimensional dielectric photonic crystals (PCs). By employing photonic bands with appropriate dispersion, the propagation of the electromagnetic wave through a PC can be controlled to a large extent, and diverse and completely novel electromagnetic phenomena can be generated. We perform the spectral analysis of the negative refraction arising from a convex TM polarized photonic band of a hexagonal PC. As a consequence of negative refraction, we demonstrate a photonic crystal flat lens, which has the ability to focus electromagnetic waves and provide subwavelength resolution laterally. Finally, a photonic crystal with an embedded source is shown to provide a highly directional beam, which can be utilized in certain antenna applications.


PACS

42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials

42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors

42.30.-d Imaging and optical processing

Subjects

Optics, quantum optics and lasers

Dates

Issue 9 (7 May 2007)

Received 14 July 2006, in final form 14 August 2006

Published 19 April 2007



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