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SEARCH FOR ASTROPHYSICAL NEUTRINO POINT SOURCES AT SUPER-KAMIOKANDE

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E. Thrane1, K. Abe2, Y. Hayato2,3, T. Iida2, M. Ikeda2, J. Kameda2, K. Kobayashi2, Y. Koshio2,3, M. Miura2, S. Moriyama2,3, M. Nakahata2,3, S. Nakayama2, Y. Obayashi2, H. Ogawa2, H. Sekiya2,3, M. Shiozawa2,3, Y. Suzuki2,3, A. Takeda2, Y. Takenaga2, Y. Takeuchi2,3, K. Ueno2, K. Ueshima2, H. Watanabe2, S. Yamada2, M. R. Vagins3,4, S. Hazama5, I. Higuchi5, C. Ishihara5, T. Kajita3,5, K. Kaneyuki3,5, G. Mitsuka5, H. Nishino5, K. Okumura5, N. Tanimoto5, F. Dufour6, E. Kearns3,6, M. Litos6, J. L. Raaf6, J. L. Stone3,6, L. R. Sulak6, M. Goldhaber7, K. Bays4, D. Casper4, J. P. Cravens4, W. R. Kropp4, S. Mine4, C. Regis4, M. B. Smy3,4, H. W. Sobel3,4, K. S. Ganezer8, J. Hill8, W. E. Keig8, J. S. Jang9, I. S. Jeong9, J. Y. Kim9, I. T. Lim9, M. Fechner10, K. Scholberg3,10, C. W. Walter3,10, R. Wendell10, S. Tasaka11, J. G. Learned12, S. Matsuno12, Y. Watanabe13, T. Hasegawa14, T. Ishida14, T. Ishii14, T. Kobayashi14, T. Nakadaira14, K. Nakamura3,14, K. Nishikawa14, Y. Oyama14, K. Sakashita14, T. Sekiguchi14, T. Tsukamoto14, A. T. Suzuki15, A. K. Ichikawa16, A. Minamino16, T. Nakaya3,16, M. Yokoyama16, S. Dazeley17, R. Svoboda17, A. Habig18, Y. Fukuda19, Y. Itow20, T. Tanaka20, C. K. Jung21, G. Lopez21, C. McGrew21, C. Yanagisawa21, N. Tamura22, Y. Idehara23, H. Ishino23, A. Kibayashi23, M. Sakuda23, Y. Kuno24, M. Yoshida24, S. B. Kim25, B. S. Yang25, T. Ishizuka26, H. Okazawa27, Y. Choi28, H. K. Seo28, Y. Furuse29, K. Nishijima29, Y. Yokosawa29, M. Koshiba30, Y. Totsuka30, S. Chen31, G. Gong31, Y. Heng31, T. Xue31, Z. Yang31, H. Zhang31, D. Kielczewska32, P. Mijakowski32, K. Connolly30, M. Dziomba33 and R. J. Wilkes33 (The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration)

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It has been hypothesized that large fluxes of neutrinos may be created in astrophysical "cosmic accelerators." The primary background for a search for astrophysical neutrinos comes from atmospheric neutrinos, which do not exhibit the pointlike directional clustering that characterizes a distant astrophysical signal. We perform a search for neutrino point sources using the upward-going muon data from three phases of operation (SK-I, SK-II, and SK-III) spanning 2623 days of live time taken from 1996 April 1 to 2007 August 11. The search looks for signals from suspected galactic and extragalactic sources, transient sources, and uncataloged sources. While we find interesting signatures from two objects—RX J1713.7–3946 (97.5% CL) and GRB 991004D (95.3% CL)—these signatures lack compelling statistical significance given trial factors. We set limits on the flux and fluence of neutrino point sources above energies of 1.6 GeV.


Keywords

galaxies: active; gamma rays: bursts; neutrinos; pulsars: general; supernova remnants


Dates

Issue 1 (2009 October 10)

Received 2009 June 22, accepted for publication 2009 August 26

Published 2009 September 23



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