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SIMULTANEOUS MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF MARKARIAN 421 DURING OUTBURST

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V. A. Acciari1, E. Aliu2, T. Aune3, M. Beilicke4, W. Benbow1, M. Böttcher5, S. M. Bradbury6, J. H. Buckley4, V. Bugaev4, Y. Butt7, A. Cannon8, O. Celik9, A. Cesarini10, Y. C. Chow9, L. Ciupik11, P. Cogan12, P. Colin13, W. Cui14,55, R. Dickherber4, C. Duke15, A. D. Falcone16, S. J. Fegan9, J. P. Finley14, G. Finnegan13, P. Fortin17, L. Fortson11, A. Furniss3, D. Gall14,55, G. H. Gillanders10, J. Grube8, R. Guenette12, G. Gyuk11, D. Hanna12, J. Holder2, D. Horan18, C. M. Hui13, T. B. Humensky19, P. Kaaret20, N. Karlsson11, M. Kertzman21, D. Kieda13, J. Kildea1, A. Konopelko22, H. Krawczynski4, F. Krennrich23, M. J. Lang10, S. LeBohec13, G. Maier12, A. McCann12, J. Millis24, P. Moriarty25, R. A. Ong9, A. N. Otte3, D. Pandel20, J. S. Perkins1, A. Pichel26, M. Pohl23, J. Quinn8, K. Ragan12, L. C. Reyes27, P. T. Reynolds28, E. Roache1, H. J. Rose6, M. Schroedter23, G. H. Sembroski14, A. W. Smith29, D. Steele11, S. P. Swordy19, M. Theiling1, J. A. Toner10, A. Varlotta14, S. Vincent13, S. P. Wakely19, J. E. Ward8, T. C. Weekes1, A. Weinstein9, T. Weisgarber19, D. A. Williams3, S. Wissel19, B. Zitzer14 (The VERITAS Collaboration), I. de la Calle Perez30, A. Ibarra30, P. Rodriguez H. Anderhub31, L. A. Antonelli32, P. Antoranz33, M. Backes34, C. Baixeras35, S. Balestra33, J. A. Barrio33, D. Bastieri36, J. Becerra González37, J. K. Becker34, W. Bednarek38, K. Berger38, E. Bernardini39, A. Biland31, R. K. Bock40,36, G. Bonnoli41, P. Bordas42, D. Borla Tridon40, V. Bosch-Ramon42, D. Bose33, I. Braun31, T. Bretz43, I. Britvitch31, M. Camara33, E. Carmona40, A. Carosi32, S. Commichau31, J. L. Contreras33, J. Cortina44, M. T. Costado37,45, S. Covino32, V. Curtef34, F. Dazzi46,56, A. De Angelis46, E. De Cea del Pozo47, C. Delgado Mendez37, R. De los Reyes33, B. De Lotto46, M. De Maria46, F. De Sabata46, A. Dominguez48, D. Dorner31, M. Doro36, D. Elsaesser43, M. Errando44, D. Ferenc49, E. Fernández44, R. Firpo44, M. V. Fonseca33, L. Font35, N. Galante40, R. J. García López37,45, M. Garczarczyk44, M. Gaug37, F. Goebel40,57, D. Hadasch35, M. Hayashida40, A. Herrero37,45, D. Hildebrand31, D. Höhne-Mönch43, J. Hose40, C. C. Hsu40, T. Jogler40, D. Kranich31, A. La Barbera32, A. Laille49, E. Leonardo41, E. Lindfors50, S. Lombardi36, F. Longo46, M. López36, E. Lorenz31,40, P. Majumdar39, G. Maneva51, N. Mankuzhiyil46, K. Mannheim43, L. Maraschi32, M. Mariotti36, M. Martínez44, D. Mazin44, M. Meucci41, J. M. Miranda33, R. Mirzoyan40, H. Miyamoto40, J. Moldón42, M. Moles48, A. Moralejo44, D. Nieto33, K. Nilsson50, J. Ninkovic40, R. Orito40, I. Oya33, R. Paoletti41, J. M. Paredes42, M. Pasanen50, D. Pascoli36, F. Pauss31, R. G. Pegna41, M. A. Perez-Torres48, M. Persic46,52, L. Peruzzo36, F. Prada48, E. Prandini36, N. Puchades44, I. Reichardt44, W. Rhode34, M. Ribó42, J. Rico53,44, M. Rissi31, A. Robert35, S. Rügamer43, A. Saggion36, T. Y. Saito40, M. Salvati32, M. Sanchez-Conde48, K. Satalecka39, V. Scalzotto36, V. Scapin46, T. Schweizer40, M. Shayduk40, S. N. Shore54, N. Sidro44, A. Sierpowska-Bartosik47, A. Sillanpää50, J. Sitarek40,38, D. Sobczynska38, F. Spanier43, S. Spiro32, A. Stamerra41, L. S. Stark31, L. Takalo50, F. Tavecchio32, P. Temnikov51, D. Tescaro44, M. Teshima40, M. Tluczykont39, D. F. Torres53,47, N. Turini41, H. Vankov51, R. M. Wagner40, V. Zabalza42, F. Zandanel48, R. Zanin44 and J. Zapatero35 (The MAGIC Collaboration)

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We report on the results of two coordinated multiwavelength campaigns that focused on the blazar Markarian 421 during its 2006 and 2008 outbursts. These campaigns obtained UV and X-ray data using the XMM-Newton satellite, while the gamma-ray data were obtained utilizing three imaging atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes, the Whipple 10 m telescope and VERITAS, both based in Arizona, as well as the MAGIC telescope, based on La Palma in the Canary Islands. The coordinated effort between the gamma-ray groups allowed for truly simultaneous data in UV/X-ray/gamma-ray wavelengths during a significant portion of the XMM-Newton observations. This simultaneous coverage allowed for a reliable search for correlations between UV, X-ray, and gamma-ray variability over the course of the observations. Investigations of spectral hysteresis and modeling of the spectral energy distributions are also presented.


Keywords

BL Lacertae objects: individual (Markarian 421); galaxies: active; gamma rays: observations; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; X-rays: galaxies


Dates

Issue 1 (2009 September 20)

Received 2009 April 17, accepted for publication 2009 July 24

Published 2009 August 26



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