J. E. Krick et al. 2009 ApJ 700 123 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/700/1/123
J. E. Krick1, J. A. Surace1, D. Thompson2, M. L. N. Ashby3, J. L. Hora3, V. Gorjian4 and L. Yan1
Show affiliationsWe present infrared (IR) luminosities, star formation rates (SFR), colors, morphologies, locations, and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) properties of 24 μm detected sources in photometrically detected high-redshift clusters in order to understand the impact of environment on star formation (SF) and AGN evolution in cluster galaxies. We use three newly identified z = 1 clusters selected from the IRAC dark field; the deepest ever mid-IR survey with accompanying, 14 band multiwavelength data including deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging and deep wide-area Spitzer MIPS 24 μm imaging. We find 90 cluster members with MIPS detections within two virial radii of the cluster centers, of which 17 appear to have spectral energy distributions dominated by AGNs and the rest dominated by SF. We find that 43% of the star-forming sample have IR luminosities L IR > 1011 L ☉ (luminous IR galaxies). The majority of sources (81%) are spirals or irregulars. A large fraction (at least 25%) show obvious signs of interactions. The MIPS-detected member galaxies have varied spatial distributions as compared to the MIPS-undetected members with one of the three clusters showing SF galaxies being preferentially located on the cluster outskirts, while the other two clusters show no such trend. Both the AGN fraction and the summed SFR of cluster galaxies increase from redshift zero to one, at a rate that is a few times faster in clusters than over the same redshift range in the field. Cluster environment does have an effect on the evolution of both AGN fraction and SFR from redshift one to the present, but does not affect the IR luminosities or morphologies of the MIPS sample. SF happens in the same way regardless of environment making MIPS sources look the same in the cluster and field, however the cluster environment does encourage a more rapid evolution with time as compared to the field.
cosmology: observations; galaxies: active; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: photometry; infrared: galaxies
Issue 1 (2009 July 20)
Received 2008 December 17, accepted for publication 2009 May 14
Published 2009 June 30
J. E. Krick et al. 2009 ApJ 700 123
R L Becker and A D MacKellar 1984 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 17 3923
P Love 1983 J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 16 5985
Kurusch Ebrahimi-Fard et al 2004 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 37 11037
Achim Kempf and Paulo J S G Ferreira 2004 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 37 12067
Timothy M. Brown et al. 2001 ApJ 552 699
T Sasakawa et al 2002 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 14 L267
Rajiv Chopra et al 2005 Phys. Med. Biol. 50 4957
I Jensen 1991 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 24 L1111
D Bonatsos et al 1993 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 26 L871