Time Dilation in Type Ia Supernova Spectra at High Redshift

doi:10.1086/589568

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S. Blondin et al. 2008 ApJ 682 724 doi:10.1086/589568

Time Dilation in Type Ia Supernova Spectra at High Redshift^*

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S. Blondin¹, T. M. Davis^2,3, K. Krisciunas⁴, B. P. Schmidt⁵, J. Sollerman², W. M. Wood-Vasey¹, A. C. Becker⁶, P. Challis¹, A. Clocchiatti⁷, G. Damke⁸, A. V. Filippenko⁹, R. J. Foley⁹, P. M. Garnavich¹⁰, S. W. Jha¹¹, R. P. Kirshner¹, B. Leibundgut¹², W. Li⁹, T. Matheson¹³, G. Miknaitis¹⁴, G. Narayan¹⁵, G. Pignata¹⁶, A. Rest^8,15, A. G. Riess¹⁷, J. M. Silverman⁹, R. C. Smith⁸, J. Spyromilio¹², M. Stritzinger^2,18, C. W. Stubbs^1,15, N. B. Suntzeff⁴, J. L. Tonry¹⁹, B. E. Tucker⁵ and A. Zenteno²⁰

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sblondin@cfa.harvard.edu

¹ Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138
² Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
³ Department of Physics, University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
⁴ Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242
⁵ The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories, Cotter Road, Weston Creek, PO 2611, Australia
⁶ Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195-1580
⁷ Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile
⁸ Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
⁹ Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411
¹⁰ Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670
¹¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
¹² European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
¹³ National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719-4933
¹⁴ Fermilab, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510-0500
¹⁵ Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138
¹⁶ Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile
¹⁷ Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218; and Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218
¹⁸ Las Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Observatories, Casilla 601, La Serena, Chile
¹⁹ Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822
²⁰ Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801-3080

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Abstract References Cited By

We present multiepoch spectra of 13 high-redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) drawn from the literature, the ESSENCE and SNLS projects, and our own separate dedicated program on the ESO Very Large Telescope. We use the Supernova Identification (SNID) code of Blondin and Tonry to determine the spectral ages in the supernova rest frame. Comparison with the observed elapsed time yields an apparent aging rate consistent with the 1/(1 + z) factor (where z is the redshift) expected in a homogeneous, isotropic, expanding universe. These measurements thus confirm the expansion hypothesis, while unambiguously excluding models that predict no time dilation, such as Zwicky's "tired light" hypothesis. We also test for power-law dependencies of the aging rate on redshift. The best-fit exponent for these models is consistent with the expected 1/(1 + z) factor.

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Time Dilation in Type Ia Supernova Spectra at High Redshift^*