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Search for Diffuse Astrophysical Neutrino Flux Using Ultra-High-Energy Upward-going Muons in Super-Kamiokande I

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M. E. C. Swanson1, K. Abe2, J. Hosaka2, T. Iida2, K. Ishihara2, J. Kameda2, Y. Koshio2, A. Minamino2, C. Mitsuda2, M. Miura2, S. Moriyama2, M. Nakahata2, Y. Obayashi2, H. Ogawa2, M. Shiozawa2, Y. Suzuki2, A. Takeda2, Y. Takeuchi2, K. Ueshima2, I. Higuchi3, C. Ishihara3, M. Ishitsuka3, T. Kajita3, K. Kaneyuki3, G. Mitsuka3, S. Nakayama3, H. Nishino3, A. Okada3, K. Okumura3, C. Saji3, Y. Takenaga3, S. Clark4, S. Desai4,5, F. Dufour4, E. Kearns4, S. Likhoded4, M. Litos4, J. L. Raaf4, J. L. Stone4, L. R. Sulak4, W. Wang4, M. Goldhaber6, D. Casper7, J. P. Cravens7, J. Dunmore7, W. R. Kropp7, D. W. Liu7, S. Mine7, C. Regis7, M. B. Smy7, H. W. Sobel7, M. R. Vagins7, K. S. Ganezer8, J. E. Hill8, W. E. Keig8, J. S. Jang9, J. Y. Kim9, I. T. Lim9, K. Scholberg1,10, N. Tanimoto10, C. W. Walter10, R. Wendell10, R. W. Ellsworth11, S. Tasaka12, G. Guillian13, J. G. Learned13, S. Matsuno13, M. D. Messier14, Y. Hayato15,16, A. K. Ichikawa15, T. Ishida15, T. Ishii15, T. Iwashita15, T. Kobayashi15, T. Nakadaira15, K. Nakamura15, K. Nitta15, Y. Oyama15, Y. Totsuka15,17, A. T. Suzuki18, M. Hasegawa19, K. Hiraide19, I. Kato19,20, H. Maesaka19, T. Nakaya19, K. Nishikawa19, T. Sasaki19, H. Sato19, S. Yamamoto19, M. Yokoyama19, T. J. Haines7,21, S. Dazeley22, S. Hatakeyama22, R. Svoboda22, G. W. Sullivan23, D. Turcan23, J. Cooley1,24, K. B. M. Mahn1,25, A. Habig26, Y. Fukuda27, T. Sato27, Y. Itow28, T. Koike28, C. K. Jung29, T. Kato29, K. Kobayashi29, M. Malek29, C. McGrew29, A. Sarrat29, R. Terri29, C. Yanagisawa29, N. Tamura30, M. Sakuda31, M. Sugihara31, Y. Kuno32, M. Yoshida32, S. B. Kim33, B. S. Yang33, J. Yoo33, T. Ishizuka34, H. Okazawa35, Y. Choi36, H. K. Seo36, Y. Gando37, T. Hasegawa37, K. Inoue37, H. Ishii38, K. Nishijima38, H. Ishino39, Y. Watanabe39, M. Koshiba40, D. Kielczewska7,41, J. Zalipska41, H. G. Berns42, R. Gran26,42, K. K. Shiraishi42, A. Stachyra42, E. Thrane42, K. Washburn42, R. J. Wilkes42 and (The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration)

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Many astrophysical models predict a diffuse flux of high-energy neutrinos from active galactic nuclei and other extragalactic sources. At muon energies above 1 TeV, the upward-going muon flux induced by neutrinos from active galactic nuclei is expected to exceed the flux due to atmospheric neutrinos. We have performed a search for this astrophysical neutrino flux by looking for upward-going muons in the highest energy data sample from the Super-Kamiokande detector using 1679.6 live days of data. We found one extremely high energy upward-going muon event, compared with an expected atmospheric neutrino background of 0.46 ± 0.23 events. Using this result, we set an upper limit on the diffuse flux of upward-going muons due to neutrinos from astrophysical sources in the muon energy range 3.16-100 TeV.


Subject headings

galaxies: active; gamma rays: bursts; neutrinos


Dates

Issue 1 (2006 November 20)

Received 2006 June 6, accepted for publication 2006 July 26



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