We have completed a 1.1 mm continuum survey of 7.5 deg² of the Perseus Molecular Cloud using Bolocam at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. This represents the largest millimeter or submillimeter continuum map of Perseus to date. Our map covers more than 30,000 31'' (FWHM) resolution elements to a 1 σ rms of 15 mJy beam^-1. We detect a total of 122 cores above a 5 σ point-source mass detection limit of 0.18 M, assuming a dust temperature of T_D = 10 K, 60 of which are new millimeter or submillimeter detections. The 1.1 mm mass function is consistent with a broken power law of slope α₁ = 1.3 (0.5 M < M < 2.5 M) and α₂ = 2.6 (M > 2.5 M), similar to the local initial mass function slope (α₁ = 1.6, M < 1 M; α₂ = 2.7, M > 1 M). No more than 5% of the total cloud mass is contained in discrete 1.1 mm cores, which account for a total mass of 285 M. We suggest an extinction threshold for millimeter cores of A_V ~ 5 mag, based on our calculation of the probability of finding a 1.1 mm core as a function of A_V. Much of the cloud is devoid of compact millimeter emission; despite the significantly greater area covered compared to previous surveys, only 5-10 of the newly identified sources lie outside previously observed areas. The two-point correlation function confirms that dense cores in the cloud are highly structured, with significant clustering on scales as large as 2 × 10⁵ AU. Our 1.1 mm emission survey reveals considerably denser, more compact material than maps in other column density tracers such as ¹³CO and A_V, although the general morphologies are roughly consistent. These 1.1 mm results, especially when combined with recently acquired c2d Spitzer Legacy data, will provide a census of dense cores and protostars in Perseus and improve our understanding of the earliest stages of star formation in molecular clouds.