Geoffrey W. Marcy et al. 2001 ApJ 556 296 doi:10.1086/321552
Geoffrey W. Marcy1, R. Paul Butler2, Debra Fischer1, Steven S. Vogt2,3, Jack J. Lissauer4 and Eugenio J. Rivera4,5
Show affiliationsPrecise Doppler measurements during 6 yr from the Lick and Keck observatories reveal two planets orbiting GJ 876 (M4V). The orbital fit yields companion masses of M sin i = 0.56 and 1.89 MJ, orbital periods of P = 30.1 and 61.0 days, semimajor axes of a = 0.13 and 0.21 AU, and eccentricities of e = 0.28 and 0.10, respectively. The orbital periods are nearly in the ratio of 2 : 1, unprecedented among major planets but common among moons and asteroids. Moreover, the axes of the elliptical orbits appear to be nearly aligned. The inner companion was not recognized previously owing to the 2 : 1 ratio of periods, which allowed its signature to masquerade as added orbital eccentricity of the outer planet. Dynamical simulations show that the system is stable within a subset of the observed orbital parameters. The stability may be provided by a mean-motion resonance and the apparent alignment of the major axes. These planets pose unsolved questions about their formation and dynamical evolution, which brought them within 0.08 AU of each other and locked them in resonance.
Issue 1 (2001 July 20)
Received 2000 December 27, accepted for publication 2001 March 22
Geoffrey W. Marcy et al. 2001 ApJ 556 296