A Study of the Shadowing of Galactic Cosmic Rays by the Sun in a Quiet Phase of Solar Activity with the Tibet Air Shower Array

doi:10.1086/309479

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M. Amenomori et al. 2000 ApJ 541 1051 doi:10.1086/309479

A Study of the Shadowing of Galactic Cosmic Rays by the Sun in a Quiet Phase of Solar Activity with the Tibet Air Shower Array

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M. Amenomori¹, S. Ayabe², Caidong³, Danzengluobu³, L. K. Ding⁴, Z. Y. Feng⁵, Y. Fu⁶, H. W. Guo³, M. He⁶, K. Hibino⁷, N. Hotta⁸, Q. Huang⁵, A. X. Huo⁴, K. Izu⁹, H. Y. Jia⁵, F. Kajino¹⁰, K. Kasahara¹¹, Y. Katayose¹², Labaciren³, J. Y. Li⁶, H. Lu⁴, S. L. Lu⁴, G. X. Luo⁴, X. R. Meng³, K. Mizutani², J. Mu¹³, H. Nanjo¹, M. Nishizawa¹⁴, M. Ohnishi⁹, I. Ohta⁸, T. Ouchi⁷, Z. R. Peng⁴, J. R. Ren⁴, T. Saito¹⁵, M. Sakata¹⁰, T. Sasaki¹⁰, Z. Z. Shi⁴, M. Shibata¹², A. Shiomi⁹, T. Shirai⁷, Y. Suga¹⁰, H. Sugimoto¹⁶, K. Taira¹⁶, Y. H. Tan⁴, N. Tateyama⁷, S. Torii⁷, T. Utsugi², C. R. Wang⁶, H. Wang⁴, X. W. Xu^4,9, Y. Yamamoto¹⁰, G. C. Yu³, A. F. Yuan³, T. Yuda^9,17, C. S. Zhang⁴, H. M. Zhang⁴, J. L. Zhang⁴, N. J. Zhang⁶, X. Y. Zhang⁶, Zhaxiciren³ and Zhaxisangzhu³ (The TIBET ASγ Collaboration)

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¹ Department of Physics, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
² Department of Physics, Saitama University, Urawa 338-8570, Japan
³ Department of Mathematics and Physics, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
⁴ Laboratory of Cosmic Ray and High Energy Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Academia Sinica, Beijing 100039, China
⁵ Department of Physics, South West Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
⁶ Department of Physics, Shangdong University, Jinan 250100, China
⁷ Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
⁸ Faculty of Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan
⁹ Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8582, Japan
¹⁰ Department of Physics, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
¹¹ Faculty of Systems Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Omiya 330-8570, Japan
¹² Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-0067, Japan
¹³ Department of Physics, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
¹⁴ National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
¹⁵ Tokyo Metropolitan College of Aeronautical Engineering, Tokyo 116-0003, Japan
¹⁶ Shonan Institute of Technology, Fujisawa 251-8511, Japan
¹⁷ Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan

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Abstract References Cited By

We have shown that the Sun's shadow by high-energy cosmic rays moves year by year and its behavior is correlated with a time variation of the large-scale structure of the solar and interplanetary magnetic fields. The solar activity was near minimum in the period from 1996 through 1997. Using the data obtained with the Tibet air shower array, we examined the shadowing of cosmic rays by the Sun in this quiet phase of the solar cycle and found that the Sun's shadow was just in the apparent direction of the Sun, though it was observed at the position considerably away from the Sun to the southwest in the period between 1990 and 1993. It is known that the magnetic pole of the equivalent solar dipole was reversed during the previous active phase, and near solar minimum the dipole was aligned with the rotating axis, preserving its N-pole on the north pole side of the Sun. This causes the solar magnetic field to shift the Sun's shadow to the east. Thus, the observed results suggest that the shift of the Sun's shadow due to the solar magnetic field was pushed back by the effect of the geomagnetic field, since the geomagnetic field always makes the shadow shift to the west. We discuss the Sun's shadow observed during the period near solar minimum in 1996-1997 and compare it with the simulation results.

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